Machine for drilling, screwing, and tapping



Jan. 3.0, 1934. v E, c 1,945,326

MACHINE FOR DRILLING, SCREWING, AN]; TAPPING Filed April 20, 1932 3 Sheets-Sheet l g M g 4 REIIZVHMMZ INveNT'oR Jan. 30, 1934. P. s. A. MARCHAL 3 5 MACHINE FOR DRILLING, SCREWIENG, AND TAPPING Filed April 20, 1952 s Sheets-Sheet 2 Fig.2

- mmchd Maren/Ta) Jan. 30, 1934. E. A, MARcHAL 1,945,326

MACHINE FOR DRILLING, SCREWING, AND TAPPING Filed April 20, 1932 3 Sheets-Sheet 3 //////////////I/////////////AI eat-119K AEHYK.

Patented Jan. 30, 1934 MACHINE FOE DRILLI NG, SCREWING, TAPPING Pierre Edmond Adolphe Marchal, Paris, France Application April 20, 1932, Serial No. 606,429, and in France April 22, 1931 4 Claims. {Chm-137) The present invention relates to machine tools and has for its primary object to provide an improved precision high-speed machine for drilling, tapping, screwing or like operations, this machine permitting the operation to be carried out according to a number of suitably differentiated speeds owing to the novel incorporation into the machine structure of a two-speed reversing gear and to its combination with an ordinary multispeed drive of the stepped cone or other type.

A further object of the invention is to provide an improved machine for drilling, tapping, screwing or like operations wherein any one of the available speeds, high or low, may be used at will either for the' working stroke or for the return stroke according to the nature of the work, the resistance of the metal being worked and other incidental factors,

A still further object of .the invention is to provide an improved machine for drilling, tapping, screwing or like operations giving the possibility of regulating very exactly the working stroke by the automatic declutching at any desired moment of a locking mechanism, whereby blind holes of as an exact length may be easily drilled or tapped.

Still a further object of the invention is to provide an improved machine for drilling, tapping, screwing or like operations wherein the utilization of a reversible electric motor as a prime mover for the driving shaft of the machine, which shaft advantageously carries a stepped or cone pulley giving a possibility of actuation at different speeds, permits in combination with the use of the reversing gear to obtain the same range of different speeds for both directions of rotation of the spindle and associated bit, tap or other tool.

Still a further object of the invention is to provide an improved machine for drilling, tapping, screwing or like operations of simple and rugged construction, easy and smooth operation, practical handling and comparatively cheap cost of manufacture and upkeep.

With these and such other objects in view as will incidentally appear hereafter, the invention comprises the novel construction and arrange-. ment of parts that will now be described, as an.

illustrative embodiment of the same, with reference to the accompanying diagrammatic drawings forming a part of the present disclosure and wherein:

Figure 1 is a perspective view of the machine in its entirety.

Figure 2 is a vertical sectional view of the head of the machine showing the arrangement of its I 65 inner parts.

Figure 3 is a fragmentary cross-sectional view of the locking mechanism.

Figures 4, 5 and 6 are fragmentary sectional views representing the mechanism for coupling and uncoupling the spindle, respectively in the positions of coupling in the low speed, uncoupling and coupling in the high speed.

Figures 7 to 10 inclusive are fragmentary elevational views showing in their different operativepositions the abutments in the form of knurled nuts ensuring the release of the locking mechamsm.

Figure 11 is a longitudinal sectional view of a die-carrying mandrel particularly adapted for .use with the machine.

Life reference numerals designate like parts throughout the several views.

As illustrated in Figure 1, the machine c0m-' prises a pedestal 1 the socket 2 of which receivesthe pillar 3 which is preferably adjustable in height and angularly. This pillar 3 carries at its upper end the head 4 of the machine in which is located the operating mechanism for the vertical spindle 5 adapted to carry at its lower end the tool (not shown) and overhanging a.rockable table 6 intended to receive the work. I

Movement is communicated to the spindle 5 for example from a reversible electric motor '7 carried by a bracket extension of the head 4 through the medium of two stepped pulleys 8 and 9 giving for example three speeds. A clutch formed by the loose pulley 10 and the fast pulley 11 is arranged in the drive.

The stepped pulley 9 is keyed on a horizontal shaft 12 carried (see Fig. 2) by ball-bearings 13 which preferably have deep races so as to better resist radial. and axial thrusts. This shaft 12 terminates at the end adjacent to the spindle 5 in a bevel pinion 14 which is keyed on it. It also'carries at an intermediate point of its length a toothed wheel 15 keyed on it. With this toothed wheel can mesh a travelling clutch pinion 16 slidably keyed or splined on a countershaft 1'7. This shaft 17 is revolubly mounted in the machine head preferably by means of bearings 18. The displacements of the clutch pinion 16 on the shaft 1'7 are preferably effected through the medium of rollers 19 by means of a clutch fork 20 which can rock about the pivot 21 and of which the end 22,0arries a sliding peg or other locking bolt engaged in the casing of the head 4. On the extremity of the horizontal countershaft 17 is keyed a bevel pinion 23 identical with the pinion 14 (Figures 2 and. 4 to 6.)

It will be seen that when the clutch pinion 16 is in mesh with the toothed wheel 15 the two bevel pinions 23 and 14 are simultaneously driven but at different speeds and in opposite directions, which speeds depend on the gearing ratio of the diameters of the toothed wheel 15 and clutch pinion 16, the bevel pinion 23 turning for example twice as fast asthe bevel pinion 14.

The bevel pinion 14 is constantly in mesh with a bevel pinion 24 integral with a sleeve 25 car ried in the head casing by means for example of two ball-bearings 26 with deep races.

Similarly, the bevel pinion 23 meshes perma nently with a companion bevel pinion 27 integral with a sleeve 28 carried in the head casing by means for example of two other similar ball bearings 29.

The two sleeves 25 and 28 have their longitudinal axes in alignment'and serve as bearings or guides, preferably by means of bushes 30 and 31, for the spindle 5.

Each of the bevel pinions 24 and 27 can. be positively coupled to the spindle 5 by a dog 32 slidably keyed or splined on the spindle 5. This dog 32 is formed with two claws which can be brought into engagement respectively with cooperating claws on the sleeve bearings 25 and 28. The distance between the adjacent faces of these sleeve bearings is such that the dog 32 can be either in engagement only with the upper sleeve bearing 28 (Fig. 6) or separated from both sleeve bearings (Figure 5) or in engagement only with the lower sleeve bearing 25 (Figures 3 and 4) The dog 32 is controlled preferably through a ball-bearing abutment/33 (Figure 2) by a fork 34 rockably mounted on an axis 35. This fork 34 is pivotally connected at its, other end to a buckle 36 guided by two vertical rods 37 and 38 slidably mounted in the head casing,

A spring 39 arranged between the upper face of the buckle 36 and a screw-threaded adjusting bush 40 (Figure 2) tends to press said buckle downwardly and consequently by rocking the' fork 34 clockwise to couple automatically the dog 32 (and hence the spindle 5) to the upper high-.- speed bevel pinion 27.

The lower rod 38 carries a collar 41 (Figures 2 and 3) slidably mountedin the head casing. This collar- 41 has an annular groove 42 into which can enter, whenever they come into line with it,'one or more balls 43 located in hori- 'zontal tubes 44 carried by the head casing. Springs 45 of which the strength is controllable by screws 46 press the balls 43 towards the collar 41. The, groove 42 is preferably of a depth less than the radius. of the balls 43 so as to avoid jamming of said balls in said groove.

This arrangement forms a locking mechanism for the collar 41 and therefore for the rod 38 and buckle 36. The position of the groove 42 with'respect to the buckle 36 is such that when the locking takes place the dog 32 (and hence the spindle 5) meshes with the lower low-speed pinion 24. (Figures 2 and 4). By. means of the regulating screws 46, the pressure of the springs 45 on the balls 43 can be regulated in such a manner that the longitudinally-acting-efiort required on the rod 38 to unlock it has any predetermined value, this value being very small or relatively great according to requirements.

The rod 38 which has over the whole of its length a fine screw-thread is provided with four abutments 47, 48, 49, 50 formed, for example, the two first, 4'7 and 48, by a knurled nut and a knurled lock-nut, and the other two, 49 and 50, by single knurled nuts. The abutments 47 and 48 are capable of being engaged by a trip 51 carried indirectly by the spindle. The two abutments 49 and 50 are capable of engaging a lug 52 formed on the machine head, through which lug 52 can slide the lower portion of the screwthreaded rod 38 terminated by a stop-washer 53.

The vertical displacements of the spindle 5 can be efiected either manually or automatically.

In the example illustrated, the spindle 5 is supported (Figure 2) by means of two lower bearings 54 and a bearing 55 in a sheath member 56 which carries the trip 51. vThe bearing 55 can be replaced by a tapered roller-bearing adapted to permit the return stroke. This sheath member 56 embodies a. vertical rack 57 meshing with a pinion 56. This pinion is coupled in any known way to an operating cross or capstanhandle or wheel 59, by means of which the spindle 5 can be downwardly shifted. The connection between the pinion 58 and the handle 59 is in the form of a spiral spring (not shown) of conventional form.

The rotation'of the cross or capstan handle 59 causes, after winding up of the said spring, the rotationof the pinion 58 and hence the movement of the rack 57 and the spindle 5 downwardly, the release of the handle 59 causing automatically the release of the spring and the return in an upward direction of the spindle 5.

It is to be noted that in the case of screwing and tapping, the die and the tap themselves assure in the event of metals which are hard to work the descent or the ascent of the spindle 5 by mere rotation of said spindle.

In the case of metals which are easy to screw or tap, automatic descent can be obtained by some gearing or other arrangement (not illustrated) acting on the spindle 5 and the sheath member 56.

The operation of the machine is as follows:- When the dog 32 is in engagement with thesleeve bearing 25 geared to the bevel pinion 24 (Figures 2 and 4) the spindle 5' is driven at the speed of the driving shaft 12, that is to say at one of the three speeds given by the stepped pulleys 8, 9.

opposite direction to the driving shaft 12 but, owing to the reversal in the direction of rotation of the electric motor 7 which is possible, it will be seen that six speeds are available in the two directions of rotation for the spindle 5. With "pulleys such as 8 and '9 having four steps instead 'of three; the number of available speeds would be eight.

For plain drilling if a hard metal is concerned, one of thethree low speeds is employed. The clutch pinion 16 is then disengaged, and, the dog 32 brought into and retained in engagement with thesleeve bearing 25 (Figures 2and 4) wherefor .the abutments 49 and 50 are brought into contact with the stationary lug 52 (Figure 8) while the abutment 50 is screwed down right to the extremity of the rod 38 i. e. against the stopwasher 53. The abutment 48 is brought against the abutment '49 to allow the trip 51, which is secured to the spindle and therefore partakes of the movement of the latter, the maximum travel between the abutments 47 and 48. The

with the bevel pinion 27. The abutments 49 and 50 are therefore brought into contact with the stationary lug 52, but after a displacement a: (Figure 7) of the abutment 50 from the extremity of the screw-threaded rod 38 suflicient to cause complete swinging over of the fork 34 clockwise (Figure 2) i. e. full ascent of the dog 32 into en gagement with the sleeve bearing 28.

If it is desired to drill a blind hole with the rapidity corresponding to any one of the high speeds, the abutments 49 and 50 are left as in the preceding case, but the abutment 48 is screwed up along the rod 38 in such a manner (Figure 9) that the distance y between this abutment 48 and the lower face of the trip 51 (Figure 2) whose upper face is then in contact with the top abutment 4'7 corresponds to the depth to be drilled. As the rod 38 is stopped by the abutments 49 and 50 when the trip 51 in its descent comes into contact with the abutment 48, the spindle 5 is stopped in its descent it it continues to rotate. Therefore the work can not be drilled further.

One proceeds in a similar way in the case of one of the three low speeds.

For automatic tapping and screwing, the downward working stroke of the spindle may necessitate one of the three low speeds but it is desirable that the upward return stroke of the spindle should be rapid. In this case, the abutments are adjusted as shown in Figure 10. The abutment 50 is screwed down right to the extremity of the rod 38 while the abutment 49- is screwed up into contact with the abutment 48 which itself is at a height such that the stroke 31 (Figure 2) corresponds to the exact length to be screwed or tapped. For this position, the balls 43 are engaged in the annular groove 42 of the collar 41. The machine is afterwards set in motion and, as the tap or'die screws itself into the work to be machined, the spindle 5 descends.

The spindle 5 descends thus normally for a length 1 At the end of this stroke, the trip 51 comes against the abutment 48; it presses the rod 38 downwardly, thus disengaging the groove 42 in the collar 41 from the balls 43. The buckle 36 thus descends sharply under the push of the spring 39 and the dog 32 rises. The dog thus comes into engagement with the sleeve bearing 28 ofthe bevel pinion 27. The spindle 5 immediately turns in the opposite direction, whereby the tap or die is unscrewed from the work and the spindle 5 is raised at high speed.

It will be realized that in order that the trip 51 may be moved by the abutment 48 and the rod 38, the locking effort exerted by the balls 43 should be less than the resistance of the threads in the work piece or on the tool. Otherwise as the spindle 5 is brought to rest by the abutment 48, the work piece or the tool would be damaged. The locking effort exerted by the balls 43 is after the working stroke 1/.

' 46 (Figure 3).

Instead of coupling up the machine on a high speed to ensure a rapid return stroke of the spindle, the latter can be simply brought to rest In that case, the abutment 49 will be placed in a position such that this abutment will come against the stationary lug 52 when the rod 38 is lowered by the action of the spring 39 and the travel of this rod has reached approximately the value 12/2. At this moment, the dog 32 is disengaged.

In Figure 11 is illustrated a die-carrying mandrel suitable for use on the high-speed machine as hereinbefore described. As shown, the man drel 69 on which the screwing die 70 is secured by screws 71 carries an external cup 72 adapted to receive lubricating oil. This cup opens through conduits 73 into the central bore '74 adapted to receive the screwed part.

It will be understood that the machine might have several spindles rotating in. the same direction or in opposite directions and at different speeds.

Numerous minor constructional details might evidently be changed without departing from the spirit of the invention and the ambit of the subjoined claims.

What I claim is:

1. In a vertical drilling, screwing and tapping machine of the type described, the combination of a tool spindle with a reversing drive having a clutch dog gear splined to the tool spindle and carried by a rockable fork, a buckle pivoted to the fork and carrying two vertically aligned rods, a spring coiled on the upper rod and urging the dog gear into position for rotating in the one direction, a locking mechanism carried by the lower rod and holding said dog gear in position for rotating the spindle in the opposite direction 115 against the action of the spring, a plurality of abutments adjustable along the lower rod, and a trip rigidly connected to the spindle and adapted to co-operate with said abutments for releasing I the locking mechanism and shifting the dog 120 gear after a predetermined operative stroke of the spindle.

2. In a vertical drilling, screwing and tapping machine of the type described, the combination of a tool spindle with a reversing two-speed drive 125 having a clutch dog gear splined to the tool spindle and carried by a rockable fork, a buckle pivoted to the fork and carrying two rods vertically aligned parallel to the spindle, 'the lower rod being screw-threaded and guided through a slotted 130 lug on the machine frame, a spring coiled on the upper rod and urging the dog gear into position for rotating the spindle in the one direction, an adjustable locking mechanism carried by the lower rod and holding said dog gear in position for rotating the spindle in the opposite direction against the action of the spring, a plurality of tapped abutments adjustable along the lower rod, the adjustment of said abutments relatively to said lug permitting to clamp the lower rod or to regulate the extent of its permissible stroke through the lug, and a trip rigidly connected to the spindle and co-operating with the abutments for limiting the stroke of the spindle when the v mutual positions of the abutments and lug clamp the lower rod or for releasing the locking mechanism from the machine frame and shifting the dog gear after a predetermined stroke of the spindle when the mutual positions of the abut- 150 ments and lug permit the lower rod to slide through the lug over a corresponding stroke.

3. In a verticaldrilling, screwing and tapping machine of the type described, the combination of a tool spindle with a reversing two-speed drive having a" clutch dog gear splined to the tool spindle and carried by a rockable fork, a buckle pivoted to the fork and carrying two rods vertically aligned parallel to the spindle, the lower rod being finely screw-threaded and guided through a slotted lug on the machine frame, a

spring coiled on the upper rod and urging the dog gear into position for rotating the spindle in the one direction, a locking collar having a peripheral groove secured intermediate the ends of the lower rod and yieldingly held in the machine frame, spring-pressed balls engaging said groove, said locking collar being adapted to hold the dog gear in position for rotating the spindle in the opposite direction against the action of the coil v spring, a plurality of tapped abutments adjustable along the lower rod, the adjustment'of said abutments relatively to said lug permitting to clamp the lower rod or to regulate the extent of its permissible stroke through the lug, and a trip rigidly connected to the spindle and co-operating with the abutments for limiting the stroke of the spindle when the mutual positions of the abutments and lug clamp the lower rod or for releasing the locking mechanism from the machine frame and shifting the dog gear after a predetermined stroke of the spindle when the mutual positions of the abutments and lug per mit the lower rod to slide through the lug over a corresponding stroke.

4. In a vertical drilling, screwing and tapping machine of the type described, the combination of a tool spindle with a reversing two-speed drive having a clutch dog gear splined to" the tool spindle and carried by a rockable fork, a buckle pivoted to the fork and carrying two rods vertically aligned parallel to the spindle, the lower rod being finely screw-threaded and guided through a slotted lug on the machine frame, a spring coiled on the upper rod intermediate the buckle and an adiustable bush, said spring urging the dog gear into position for rotating the tool spindle in the one direction, a locking collar secured intermediate the ends of the lower rod and yieldingly held in the machine frame,

said collar having a peripheral groove, balls pressed into said groove by springs located in tubes formed in the frame, screws for adjusting the stress of the last-named springs on said balls, said locking collarbeing adapted to hold the dog gear in position for rotating the spindle in the opposite direction against the action of the coil spring, a plurality of tapped abutments adjustable along the lower rod, the adjustment of said abutments relatively to said lug permitting to clamp said lower rod or to regulate the extent of its permissible stroke through the lug, and a trip rigidly connected to the spindle and cooperating with the abutments for limiting the stroke of the spindle when the mutual positions of the abutments and lug clamp the lower rod or for releasing the locking collar from the ma-.

PIERRE 1.10" ADOLPHE MARCHAL. 

